Paraphrasing

In-text citations in APA Style contain an author and a date. If you are paraphrasing a source, you need to include the author's last name and the year of publication. There are several ways to provide an in-text citation for a single author.

Using a lead-in at the beginning of the sentence helps you introduce the source.

For example:

Miller (2011) showed that each one must...

The in-text citation can also be used at the end of the sentence.

For example:

Results from another study did not include children (Miller, 2011).

Direct Quotes

If you using a direct quote from a source, you need to include the page number where it is located in addition to the author-date citation.

For example:

Miller (2011) showed that each one must "have a black stripe and rounded corners" (p. 12).

Each one "must have a black stripe and rounded corners" (Miller, 2011, p. 12).

Long Quotes

Quotes that are longer than 40 words are considered block quotations. Follow these rules:

The long quotation is indented half an inch from the rest of the text, so it looks like a block of text.
There are no quotation marks around the quotation.
The period at the end of the quotation comes before your in-text citation as opposed to after, as it does with regular quotations.

For example:

At the end of Lord of the Flies the boys are struck with the realization of their behavior:

The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave himself up to them now for the first time on the island; great, shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his whole body. His voice rose under the black smoke before the burning wreckage of the island; and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to shake and sob too. (Golding, 1960, p.186)